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Kategori: Essential Grammar in Use
Essential Grammar in Use
Temel İngilizce Dilbilgisi
Word Order
A verb + object : fiil + nesne
| Sue | bought | some new shoes | yesterday. |
| subject | verb | object |
The verb (bought) and the object (some new shoes) are usually together. Fiil (bought) ve nesne (some new shoes) genelde birliktedir.
◌ Sue bought some new shoes yesterday. (not Sue bought yesterday some new shoes)
| verb | object |
| He speaks | English very well. (not He speaks very well English) |
| I like | Italian food very much. (not I like very much …) |
| Did you watch | TV all evening? (n o t … watch all evening TV) |
| Paul often wears | a black hat. (not Paul wears often …) |
| We invited | a lot of people to the party. |
| I opened | the door slowly. |
| Why do you always make | the same mistake? |
| I’m going to borrow | some money from a friend. |
B where and when : nerede ve ne zaman
| We went | to a party | last night. |
| where? | when? |
Place (where?) is usually before time (when?). We say:
◌ We went to a party last night. (not We went last night to a party)
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01 Present to be am/is/are
1a.) am / is / are
◌ My name is Anna.
◌ I’m 22.
◌ My favorite color is blue.
◌ I’m American. I’m from Chicago.
◌ My favorite sports are tennis and swimming.
◌ I’m a student.
◌ I’m interested in art.
◌ My father is a doctor, and my mother is a journalist.
◌ I’m not interested in politics.
1b.) positive and negative
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prepositions
PREPOSITION
1a.) at / on / in
at : bir zamanı belirtmek için kullanılır
at 8 o’clock : saat 8’de
at 10:30 : saat 10:30’da
at midnight : gece yarısında
◌ I start work at 8 o’clock. : Ben işe saat 8’de başlarım.
◌ The shops close at 5.30. : Mağazalar 5.30’da kapanır.
on :
on Sunday : pazar günü
on Sundays : pazar günleri, pazarları
on Monday : pazartesi günü
on Mondays : pazartesi günleri, pazartesileri
on 25 April : 25 Nisan’da
on 6 June : 6 Haziran’da
on New Year’s Day : yılbaşı gününde
◌ Bye! I’ll see you on Friday. : Hoşça kalın! Cuma günü görüşürüz.
◌ What do you usually do on Sundays? : Pazar günleri genellikle ne yaparsınız?
◌ I don’t work on Sundays. : Pazar günleri çalışmıyorum.
◌ The concert is on 22 November. : Konser 22 Kasım’da.
in :
in April : nisan ayında
in June : haziran ayında
in 2013 : 2013 yılında
in 1988 : 1988 yılında
in summer : yazın
in spring : ilkbaharda
◌ I’m going on holiday in October. : Ben ekim ayında tatile gidiyorum.
◌ Emma was born in 1995. : Emma 1995’te doğdu.
◌ The park is beautiful in spring. : Park ilkbaharda güzeldir.
1b.) We say
at the weekend : hafta sonunda
at night : gece yarısında
at Christmas : noelde
at Easter : paskalyada
at the end of … : bir şeyin sonunda
at the moment : şimdi
◌ Are you going away at the weekend? : Hafta sonu uzaklara mı gidiyorsun?
◌ I can’t sleep at night. : Geceleri uyuyamıyorum.
◌ Where will you be at Christmas? (but on Christmas Day) : Noel’de nerede olacaksın?
◌ I’m going on holiday at the end of October. : Ekim ayının sonunda tatile gidiyorum.
◌ Are you busy at the moment? : Şu anda meşgul müsün?
1c.) in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening
in the morning : sabahleyin
in the afternoon : öğleden sonraları
in the evening : akşamleyin
◌ I always feel good in the morning. : Sabahları kendimi hep iyi hissediyorum.
◌ Do you often go out in the evening? : Akşamları sık sık dışarı çıkıyor musun?
but
on Monday morning : pazartesi sabahları
on Tuesday afternoon : Salı öğleden sonra
on Friday evening : cuma akşamları
on Saturday night : cumartesi gecesi
◌ I’m meeting Jackie on Monday morning. : Pazartesi sabahı Jackie ile buluşacağım.
◌ Are you doing anything on Saturday night? : Cumartesi gecesi bir şey yapıyor musun?
1d.) We do not use at / on / in before
We do not use at / on / in before : this, last, next ve every den önce at at / on / in kullanılmaz.
this … (this morning / this week etc) : bu
last … (last August / last week etc) : geçen
next … (next Monday / next week etc.) : önümüzdeki
every … (every day / every week etc.) : her
◌ Are you going out this evening? : Bu akşam dışarı çıkıyor musun?
◌ We go on holiday every summer. Last summer we went to Canada. : Biz her yaz tatile gideriz. Geçen yaz Kanada’ya gittik.
◌ I’m leaving next Monday. (not on next Monday) : Önümüzdeki Pazartesi ayrılıyorum.
1e.) in five minutes / in a few days / in six weeks / in two years etc.
in five minutes : beş dakika içerisinde
in a few days : birkaç gün içerisinde
in six weeks : altı hafta içerisinde
in two years : iki yıl içerisinde
◌ Hurry! The train leaves in five minutes. (= it leaves five minutes from now) : Acele et! Tren beş dakika içerisinde ayrılıyor. (= şimdiden sonra beş dakika içerisinde ayrılıyor)
◌ Bye! I’ll see you in a few days. (= a few days from now) : Hoşça kalın! Birkaç gün içerisinde görüşürüz. (= şimdiden birkaç gün sonra)
55 go to … / go on … / go for … / go -ing
A go to … (go to work / go to London / go to a concert etc.)
◌ What time do you usually go to work?
◌ I’m going to China next week.
◌ Sophie didn’t want to go to the concert.
◌ ‘Where’s Tom?’ ‘He’s gone to bed.’
◌ I went to the dentist yesterday.
go to sleep = start to sleep :
◌ I was very tired and went to sleep quickly.
go home (without to)
◌ I’m going home now. (not going to home)
B go on …
go on holiday
go on a trip
go on a tour
go on a cruise
go on strike
◌ We’re going on holiday next week.
◌ Children often go on school trips.
◌ Workers at the airport have gone on strike. (= they are refusing to work)
C go for …
go (somewhere) for a walk
go (somewhere) for a run
go (somewhere) for a swim
go (somewhere) for a drink
go (somewhere) for a meal
◌ ‘Where’s Emma?’ ‘She’s gone for a walk.’
◌ Do you go for a run every morning?
◌ The water looks nice. I’m going for a swim.
◌ I met Chris in town, so we went for coffee.
◌ Shall we go out for a meal? I know a good restaurant.
D go + -ing
We use go + –ing for many sports (swimming / skiing etc.) and also shopping.
I go shopping
He is going swimming
We went fishing
They have gone sailing
She wants to go skiing
You go jogging
◌ Are you going shopping this afternoon?
◌ It’s a nice day. Let’s go swimming. (or Let’s go for a swim.)
◌ Richard has a small boat and he often goes sailing.
◌ I went jogging before breakfast this morning.